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Relevance
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RhoE, also known as Rnd3, (Rho family GTPase 3) is a small G-protein that is a member of the Rnd family of Rho GTPases, which is a part of the Ras superfamily. The activity of Rnd1, Rnd2, and Rnd3/RhoE are not activated by the traditional conformational change of the GTP binding like other Rho family members. As the name dictates, Rnd proteins were associated with making a cell “round”. Like other small G-proteins, the do bind GTP, but unlike other G-proteins, they do not hydrolyze GTP to GDP. The actions of RhoE are associated with the actin cytoskeletal organization in response to external stimuli. RhoE acts antagonistically to RhoA in inducing loss of stress fiber formation, in part by binding to the RhoA downstream kinase Rho-associated kinase (ROCK1). This prevents ROCK1 activation and inhibits downstream signaling. RhoE does go through the post-translation modification of farnylation which enables it to localize and bind to various internal membranes. RhoE is also known to effect cycle progression.
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